Аутор: bebaks

  • Dali je normalno da se osećam tužna ili ljuta?

    Dali je normalno da se osećam tužna ili ljuta?

    Mnogo žena ima ‘baby blues’ posle rođenja, ali post-partum depresija je ozbiljnija od toga.

    Baby blues

    Vi možete postati emotivnije posle porođaja zbog hormonalnih promena, bolova od porođaja, nedostatka sna i drugih emotivnih promena koje donosi majčinstvo. Iako možete biti srećne većinu vremena, ali povremeno možete biti razdražljive, lako plakati, osećati se tužna i zbunjena. To je „Baby Blues“ i pogađa oko 80% novih majki, i dostiže vrhunac 3 do 5 dana posle porođaja i može trajati nekoliko nedelja. Iako ovo nije prijatno, ipak vi možete da funkcionišete normalno. Ovi osećaji tokom vremena se ublažuju i otići će sami po sebi. Ali ako ne prolazi i se osećate lošije nego bolje, možda imate postporođajnu depresiju (PPD) i potrebna vam je pomoć.

    Postpartum Depresija (PPD)

    PPD je počesta nego što mislite. Svaka 1 u 7 novih mama pati od PPD. Obično počinje tokom 1-3 nedelje posle porođaja, ali može da se sluči bilokad tokom prve godine. Simptome se razlikuju, ali uključuju:

    • Osećanja ljutnje ili iritabilnosti
    • Nedostatak interesa za bebu
    • Gubitak apetita i poremećaj sna
    • Plakanje i tuga
    • Osećanja krivice, stida ili bez nade
    • Gubitak interesovanja, radosti ili zadovoljstva u stvarima u kojima ste ranije uživale
    • Mogući misli nanošenja štete bebi ili sebi

    Ne brinite; postpartum depresija je privremena i izlečiva. Ako osećate da patite od PPD, znajte da to nije vaša krivica, i da postoje stvari koje mogu vam pomoći da se nosite sa tim i da oporavite. Ako mislite da imate PPD, obratite se doktoru ili proverite sa vašim lokalnim Beba-ks Centrom za upućivanje kod specijalista.

    Postoje tri stvari koje vi možete da napravite da biste se osećali bolje:

    1. Budite zdrava i fit:
      • Napravite nešto aktivno svaki dan. Hodajte ili idite u teretani.
      • Jedite zdravu hranu, koja uključuje voće, povrće, hleb od žitarica celog zrna i posna mesa. Pokušajte da jedete manje slatke i solene grickalice (iako možda imate želju).
      • Odmarajte koliko god možete. Pokušajte da spavate kad beba spava.
      • Ne pijte alkohol, jer uzrokuje depresiju, vaše telo će biti sporije i vi depresivnija.
      • Ne drogirajte se. Droge imaju uticaj u vaše telo i imaće reakcije sa lekovima protiv PPD koje vi možebi uzimate.
    2. Potražite i prihvatite pomoć:
      • Budite u kontaktu sa ljudima koji brinu za vas. Recite svom suprugu, porodici i prijateljima kako se osećate.
      • Provedite vremena za sebe. Potražite od nekoga kome verujete da vas čuva decu da biste vi izašli od kuće. Idite u gosti kod prijatelja, izlazite van, uradite nešto u čemu uživate. Provedite vremena sa partnerom.
      • Neka vam drugi pomognu oko kuće. Ask your friends and family to watch the baby, help with housekeeping or go grocery shopping. Don’t be afraid to tell them what you need.
      • Pridružite se grupi za podršku. Možete da se informirate i da pričate sa ekspertima u Postpartum Support International i Postpartum Progress (samo su dostupne na Angliski).
    3. Smanjite stres:
      • Uradite nešta koja ste voleli pred porođaja. Slušajte muziku, čitajte dobru knjigu, ili počnite neki kurs.
      • Uradite nešta zbog kojih ste se osećale bolje pred porođaja.
      • Pkušajte da ne napravite nagle promene odmah posle porođaja, kao na primer da se iselite ili da promenite posao. Nagle promene mogu da izazivaju stress koji nije vam potreban sad.
      • Razgovarajte sa šefom za povratak u posao, možda možete da radite kod kuće ili samo sa pola vremena.

    Ako vam ove stvari pomažu, onda super! Nastavite da ih napravite jer ako prestajete mogu vam se vratiti simptome. Ali ako nemate pobolšanje posle dve nedelje, onda mora da se obratite doktoru ili da se obratite u vaš lokalni Beba-ks Centar za uput kod specijalista. Možda vam je potrebna dodatna terapija, kao antidepresantni lekovi. Veoma je važno da shvatite seriozno PPD, jer može da vas onemogući da se brinite o bebi, i će se pogoršati ako ne bude tretirana. Ako pomislite da škodite bebi ili sebi obratite se odmah doktoru.

    Kako će doktor da izleči vaš PPD? Prvo će postaviti pitanja da bi utvrdio da imate PPD. Može napraviti analize da proveri da li imate druge probleme koje uzrokuju PPD, kao na primer da proveri nivo hormona vaše štitne žlezde, jer nizak nivo hormona može da uzrokuje PPD. Najbolje je da se što ranije obratite doktoru za PPD. Može početi tretman da biste se osećali bolje, da biste bili u stanju da brinete o sebi i o bebi. Ovo su mogući tretmani:

    • Savetovanje: takođe se zove terapija. To je kad pričate o vašim osećanjima i brigama sa specijalistom. Pomoći će vam da razumete svoja osećanja, da rešite probleme i da se nosite sa svakodnevnim stvarima u životu.
    • Lekovi: PPD često se tretira lekovima, uključujući 1) Antidepresivni lekovi – neki imaju neželjene efekte a neki nisu bezbedni da ih uzimate tokom dojenja, tako da pričajte sa doktorom da biste odlučili koje su najbolje za vas. 2) Estrogen – ovaj hormon je veoma važan za vaš menstrualni ciklus i trudnoću, ali ako dojite, treba da proverite sa vašim doktorom.
  • What is a c-section?

    What is a c-section?

    What is a c-section?

    A c-section (short for cesarean birth) is surgery in which your baby is born through a cut that your doctor makes in your belly and uterus (womb). Most babies are born through vaginal birth. But if there are problems with your pregnancy or with your baby’s health, you may need to have your baby by c-section.

    A c-section may be planned (also called scheduled). This means you and your health care provider decide when to schedule the c-section based on your health and the health of your baby. Or a c-section may be an emergency c-section. This is when you need a c-section immediately because your health or your baby’s health is in danger. A c-section should be for medical reasons only.

    What are the risks of having a c-section?

    A c-section is major surgery, so it may have more complications for you than a vaginal birth, including:

    • Your incision (cut), uterus, and other parts of your body, like your belly and bladder, may get infected.
    • You may lose a lot of blood and need a transfusion. A blood transfusion is when you have new blood put into your body.
    • Organs near the uterus, like the bladder and intestines, may get injured during surgery.
    • You may get blood clots in your legs, pelvic organs, or lungs. A blood clot is a solid mass or clump of blood.
    • You may have bad reactions to certain medicines, including anesthesia you get during surgery. Anesthesia is medicine that makes you numb so you can’t feel pain.
    • You may have an amniotic fluid embolism. This is a rare condition that usually happens during or right after a tough labor and birth. It happens when some of your baby’s cells, hair, or amniotic fluid (fluid that surrounds your baby in the uterus) gets into your bloodstream and moves to your lungs. This can cause the arteries in your lungs to become narrow, which can cause problems like a fast heart rate, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, or death.
    • Although it’s rare, you’re more likely to die during a c-section than during vaginal birth.

    A c-section can cause complications for you after giving birth, too. For example:

    • You may have trouble breastfeeding. Women who have a c-section may be less likely to breastfeed than women who have a vaginal birth. Talk to your provider about what you can do to start breastfeeding as soon as possible after your c-section.
    • It may cause problems in future pregnancies. Once you have a c-section, you may be more likely in future pregnancies to have a c-section. The more c-sections you have, the more problems you and your baby may have, including problems with the placenta. The placenta grows in your uterus and supplies the baby with food and oxygen through the umbilical cord. Some women who’ve had a c-section may be able to have a vaginal birth after c-section (also called VBAC). VBAC isn’t safe for all women, though. If your pregnancy is healthy and you’re planning to have more children later, it’s best to have your baby through vaginal birth unless there are medical reasons to have a c-section.

    A c-section also can cause problems for your baby, including:

    • Your baby may be born before 39 weeks. Babies need at least 39 weeks in the womb to grow and develop before they’re born. If you have your c-section too early, your baby may be born premature (before 37 weeks of pregnancy). This can cause health problems for your baby at birth and later in life.
    • Your baby may have breathing problems and other health problems
    • Your baby may be affected by anesthesia you get during your c-section. This may cause him to be inactive or sluggish.
    • Your baby may be injured during the surgery.

    What happens during a c-section?

    Here’s what you can expect when you have a c-section.

    Anesthesia: Most likely you can have regional anesthesia (like an epidural or spinal block) that lets you stay awake for your baby’s birth. This means you’re numb from below your breasts all the way down to your toes. If you have an emergency c-section, you may need general anesthesia. General anesthesia makes you go to sleep during surgery.

    Before surgery:

    1. The nurse washes and may shave your belly so the area is clean for surgery.
    2. You get a catheter (tube) in your bladder to drain urine.
    3. You get an IV (needle) in your hand or arm to give you fluids and medicine.

    During surgery:

    1. When you’re numb, the doctor makes the first cut in your belly. In most cases, it’s a low transverse cut (also called a bikini cut) that goes across your belly, just above your pubic bone.
    2. The doctor makes the next cut in the uterus. A horizontal (across) cut is best because it doesn’t bleed too much and heals well. Sometimes, the doctor has to make a vertical (up and down) cut because of your baby’s size or position.
    3. The doctor opens the amniotic sac and takes out the baby. You may feel some tugging, pulling, and pressure.
    4. The doctor cuts the umbilical cord and removes the placenta.
    5. The doctor closes the incisions with stitches or staples.

    What’s recovery like after a c-section?

    It usually takes longer to recover from a c-section than vaginal birth. You can expect to stay 2 to 4 days in the hospital after a c-section. Full recovery usually takes 4 to 6 weeks.

    Here’s what you can do to feel better faster:

    1. Talk to your health care provider about pain medicine. She can recommend one that won’t hurt the baby while you’re breastfeeding.
    2. If your provider says it’s OK, get out of bed and walk around within 24 hours after surgery. This can help you have a bowel movement and prevent blood clots. Make sure a nurse or another adult is there to help you the first few times you get out of bed.
    3. Call your provider if you have a fever or if your incision swells, is painful, or gets more and more red. These could be signs of infection.
    4. To prevent infection, don’t have sex or put anything (including tampons) in your vagina for a few weeks after your c-section. Ask your health care provider when it’s safe to do these things again.
    5. Take it easy. Avoid hard activities, like lifting heavy things, for a few weeks. Try to sleep when your baby does.

    How can you get ready for a c-section?

    Here’s what you can do to prepare for your c-section:

    1. Learn as much as you can about c-sections. Ask your provider about what to expect and about different kinds of anesthesia. Talk to friends and family members who have had a c-section.
    2. Get help at home. Ask friends or family to be there after your baby’s born to help take care of the baby, other children, and household tasks.
    3. Ask if your partner can be with you in the operating room.
    4. If you think you want to watch your baby’s birth, tell your provider and the nurses at the hospital.
    5. Tell your provider and the nurses that you want to hold the baby right after birth. This should be OK unless your baby needs medical attention. You can breastfeed right after birth, too.

    What if you feel badly about needing to have a c-section?

    Some women who have a c-section may feel disappointed that they didn’t have a vaginal birth. Their partners may feel this way, too. If you feel disappointed, angry, or depressed after having a c-section, here’s what you can do:

    1. Remember that having a healthy baby is more important than how the baby is born.
    2. Ask your provider to explain why you needed a c-section. This can help you understand why it was best for you and your baby.
    3. Remember that you can’t control everything. Sometimes unexpected events make a c-section the safest choice.
    4. Don’t worry if you get emotional after your baby’s birth. Some of your feelings may be caused by hormonal changes that many women experience after having a baby.
    5. Share your feelings with your partner, family, friends, or provider.
    6. If you have feelings of sadness or anger that don’t go away after 2 weeks, tell your provider.
  • What are preterm labor and premature birth?

    What are preterm labor and premature birth?

    What are preterm labor and premature birth?

    Preterm and premature mean the same thing — early. Preterm labor is labor that begins early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Labor is the process your body goes through to give birth to your baby. Preterm labor can lead to premature birth. Premature birth is when your baby is born early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Your baby needs about 40 weeks in the womb to grow and develop before birth.

    Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy are called premature. Premature babies can have serious health problems at birth and later in life. About 1 in 10 babies is born prematurely each year in the United States.

    What are the signs and symptoms of preterm labor?

    Signs of a condition are things someone else can see or know about you, like you have a rash or you’re coughing. Symptoms are things you feel yourself that others can’t see, like having a sore throat or feeling dizzy. Learn the signs and symptoms of preterm labor so you can get help quickly if they happen to you.

    If you have even one of these signs and symptoms of preterm labor, call your provider right away:

    • Change in your vaginal discharge (watery, mucus, or bloody) or more vaginal discharge than usual
    • Pressure in your pelvis or lower belly, like your baby is pushing down
    • Constant low, dull backache
    • Belly cramps with or without diarrhea
    • Regular or frequent contractions that make your belly tighten like a fist. The contractions may or may not be painful.
    • Your water breaks

    When you see your provider, he may do a pelvic exam or a transvaginal ultrasound to see if your cervix has started to thin out and open for labor. Your cervix is the opening to the uterus (womb) that sits at the top of the vagina (birth canal). A transvaginal ultrasound is done in the vagina instead of on the outside of your belly. Like a regular ultrasound, it uses sound waves and a computer to make a picture of your baby. If you’re having contractions, your provider monitors them to see how strong and far apart they are. You may get other tests to help your provider find out if you really are in labor.

    If you’re having preterm labor, your provider may give you treatment to help stop it. Or you may get treatment to help improve your baby’s health before birth. Talk to your provider about which treatments may be right for you.

    Are you at risk for preterm labor and premature birth?

    We don’t always know for sure what causes preterm labor and premature birth. Sometimes labor starts on its own without warning. Even if you do everything right during pregnancy, you can still give birth early.

    We do know some things may make you more likely than others to have preterm labor and premature birth. These are called risk factors. Having a risk factor doesn’t mean for sure that you’ll have preterm labor or give birth early. But it may increase your chances. Talk to your health care provider about what you can do to help reduce your risk.

    Because many premature babies are born with low birthweight, many risk factors for preterm labor and premature birth are the same as for having a low-birthweight baby. Low birthweight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces.

    These three risk factors make you most likely to have preterm labor and give birth early:

    1. You’ve had a premature baby in the past.
    2. You’re pregnant with multiples (twins, triplets, or more).
    3. You have problems with your uterus or cervix now or you’ve had them in the past. Your uterus (also called the womb) is where your baby grows inside you.

    Medical risk factors before pregnancy for preterm labor and premature birth

    • Being underweight or overweight before pregnancy. This can include having an eating disorder, like anorexia or bulimia.
    • Having a family history of premature birth. This means someone in your family (like your mother, grandmother, or sister) has had a premature baby. If you were born prematurely, you’re more likely than others to give birth early.
    • Getting pregnant again too soon after having a baby. For most women, it’s best to wait at least 18 months before getting pregnant again. Talk to your provider about the right amount of time for you.

    Medical risk factors during pregnancy for preterm labor and premature birth

    Having certain health conditions during pregnancy can increase your risk for preterm labor and premature birth, including:

    • Connective tissue disorders, like Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (also called EDS) and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (also called vEDS). Connective tissue is tissue that surrounds and supports other tissues and organs. EDS can cause joints to be loose and easy to dislocate; skin to be thin and easily stretched and bruised; and blood vessels to be fragile and small. It also can affect your uterus and intestines. vEDS is the most serious kind of EDS because it can cause arteries and organs (like the uterus) to rupture (burst). EDS and vEDS are genetic conditions that can be passed from parent to child through genes.
    • Diabetes. Diabetes is when your body has too much sugar (called glucose) in your blood.
    • High blood pressure and preeclampsia. High blood pressure (also called hypertension) is when the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels is too high. This can stress your heart and cause problems during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a kind of high blood pressure some women experience during or right after pregnancy. If not treated, it can cause serious problems and even death.
    • Infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and infections of the uterus, urinary tract, or vagina.
    • Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). This is the most common liver condition that happens during pregnancy.
    • Thrombophilias. These are conditions that increase your risk of making abnormal blood clots.

    Other medical risk factors during pregnancy include:

    • Getting late or no prenatal care. Prenatal care is medical care you get during pregnancy.
    • Not gaining enough weight during pregnancy. This can include having an eating disorder, like anorexia or bulimia.
    • Bleeding from the vagina in the second or third trimester.
    • Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (also called PPROM). Premature rupture of membranes (also called PROM) is when the amniotic sac around your baby breaks (your water breaks) before labor starts. PPROM is when this happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy. If you have any fluid leaking from your vagina, call your provider and go to the hospital.
    • Being pregnant after in vitro fertilization (also called IVF). IVF is a fertility treatment used to help women get pregnant.
    • Being pregnant with a baby who has certain birth defects, like heart defects or spina bifida. Birth defects are health conditions that are present at birth. They change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body. Birth defects can cause problems in overall health, how the body develops, or how the body works. Spina bifida is a birth defect of the spine.

    Risk factors in your everyday life for preterm labor and premature birth

    • Smoking, drinking alcohol, using street drugs, or abusing prescription drugs.
    • Having a lot of stress in your life.
    • Low socioeconomic status (also called SES). SES is a combination of things like your education, your job, and your income (how much money you make).
    • Domestic violence. This is when your partner hurts or abuses you. It includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.
    • Working long hours or having to stand a lot.
    • Exposure to air pollution, lead, radiation, and chemicals in things like paint, plastics, and secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke is smoke from someone else’s cigarette, cigar, or pipe.

    Age and race as risk factors for preterm labor and premature birth

    Being younger than 17 or older than 35 makes you more likely than other women to give birth early. In the United States, black women are more likely to give birth early. Almost 17 percent of black babies are born prematurely each year. Just over 10 percent of American Indian/Alaska Native and Hispanic babies are born early, and less than 10 percent of white and Asian babies. Researchers are still working to understand why race plays a role in premature birth.

    Can you reduce your risk for preterm labor and premature birth?

    Yes, you may be able to reduce your risk for early labor and birth. Some risk factors are things you can’t change, like having a premature birth in a previous pregnancy. Others are things you can do something about, like quitting smoking.

    Here are some things you can do to reduce your risk for preterm labor and premature birth:

    • Get to a healthy weight before pregnancy and gain the right amount of weight during pregnancy. Talk to your provider about the right amount of weight for you before and during pregnancy.
    • Don’t smoke, drink alcohol, use street drugs, or abuse prescription drugs. Ask your provider about programs that can help you quit.
    • Go to your first prenatal care checkup as soon as you think you’re pregnant. During pregnancy, go to all your prenatal care checkups, even if you’re feeling fine. Prenatal care helps your provider make sure you and your baby are healthy.
    • Get treated for chronic health conditions, like high blood pressure, diabetes, depression, and thyroid problems. Depression is a medical condition in which strong feelings of sadness last for a long time and interfere with your daily life. The thyroid is a gland in your neck that makes hormones that help your body store and use energy from food.
    • Protect yourself from infections. Talk to your provider about vaccinations that can help protect you from certain infections. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom or blowing your nose. Don’t eat raw meat, fish, or eggs. Have safe sex. Don’t touch cat poop.
    • Reduce your stress. Eat healthy foods and do something active every day. Ask family and friends for help around the house or taking care of other children. Get help if your partner abuses you. Talk to your boss about how to lower your stress at work.
    • Wait at least 18 months between giving birth and getting pregnant again. Use birth control until you’re ready to get pregnant again. If you’re older than 35 or you’ve had a miscarriage or stillbirth, talk to your provider about how long to wait between pregnancies. Miscarriage is the death of a baby in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Stillbirth is the death of a baby in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

    Source: www.marchofdimes.com

  • Osigurati se da beba se hrani dovoljno

    Osigurati se da beba se hrani dovoljno

    Koliko često treba da hranim moju bebu?

    Vaša beba ima mali stomak i je navikla da se stalno hrani dok je bila u materici, tako da tokom prvih nekoliko nedelja, potrebno je da je hranite često i svaki put kad traži:

    Novorođenče se obično hrani oko 8-12 puta dnevno, što vama može da izgleda kao da to radite celi dan. Ne brinite, jer ovo ne traje mnogo. Vašu bebu treba hraniti najmanje na svaka 3-4 sata tokom prvih nekoliko nedelja, tako da i ako spava, vi treba da je probudite da je hranite. Da biste pogledali podetaljno uputstvo, kliknite ovde.

    Kako da znam da je moja beba gladna?

    Najbolje je da nemate strog raspored dojenja, ali da dojite kad vaša beba da znakove da je gladna, koje mogu biti:

    • Povećana budnost ili aktivnost.
    • Traži naokolo vaše grudi sa ustima.
    • Stavlja ruke u usta.
    • Pravi pokrete ili zvukove nalik sisanju.
    • Plače, ali ovo je kasni znak gladi; idealno bi bilo da počnete dojenje pre nego što beba počne plakati.

    Koliko treba da traje svako dojenje?

    Pustite bebu da se hrani sa jedne dojke koliko god hoće; obično ovo traje negde od 15 do 30 minuta, ali može da traje i kraće i duže. Kad beba završi sa jednom dojkom, ostavite je da podriguje, onda je stavite da se hrani na drugu dojku. OK je ako beba hoće samo sa jedne dojke, ali potrudite se da počnete sa drugom dojkom pri sledećem dojenju. Pustite bebu sama da završi sa dojenjem.

    Kako da znam da moja beba uzme dovoljno mleka?

    Veliki broj novih mama pita za ovo. Vaše telo je impresivno: tokom dojenja, vaše telo uči koliko je mleka potrebno vašoj bebi, i onda proizvede toliko mleka koliko je potrebno za vašu bebu. Ali šta ako vi ipak niste sigurni da li beba uzima dovoljno mleka? Vaša beba sigurno uzima dovoljno mleka ako:

    1. Beba ima 3-5 mokrih pelena i 3-4 pokakane pelene tokom prvih 3-5 dana.
    2. Beba ima 4-6 mokrih pelena i 3-6 pokakanih pelena dnevno tokom prvih 5-7 dana.
    3. Posle 6 nedelja, broj pokakanih pelena može da padne na jednu pelenu za nekoliko dana.
    4. Dobije na težini; tokom prvih dve nedelje beba bi trebala da dobije težinu koju je imala pri rođenju.

    Drugi načini da shvatite da beba dobija dovoljno mleka:

    1. Beba pravi zvukove gutanja (treba da čujete pažljivo jer teško se sluša).
    2. Vaše grudi su mekane posle dojenja.
    3. Beba izgleda opuštena i zadovoljna posle dojenja.

    Kako da se osiguram da proizvodim dovoljno mleka?

    Vaša proizvodnja mleka je stvar ponude i potražnje; koliko ćete proizvesti zavisi od toga koliko ćete potrošiti. Pražnjenje mleka je veoma važno tokom prvih 2-3 nedelje zato što tada se postavlja vaš kapacitet za proizvodnju mleka. Što više mleka izvadite tokom ovog vremena, više mleka ćete imati u dogoročnom periodu. Ali ne brinite ako imate poteškoće tokom ovih prvih nedelja, postoje načini da poboljšate proizvodnju mleka u ponatamošnom periodu. Jednom kada počnete da proizvodite mleka, to se stalno proizvodi; brže kada dojke nisu pune, a sporije kada su dojke napunjene. Zbog toga će vaša proizvodnja mleka usporiti ako čekate da se grudi „napune“ da biste hranili vašu bebu, tako da nemojte čekati, jer vaše grudi nisu nikada zaista prazne; uvek možete da dobijete više!

    Dali mojoj bebi trebaju suplementi vitamina?

    Da. Suplementi su dodatni proizvodi koje vi uzimate da biste nadomestili nedostatak hranljivih sastojaka kojih ne uzimate u potrebnoj količini preko hrane. Majčino mleko nema dovoljno vitamina D za vašu bebu. Vitamin D pomaže kostima i zubima da budu čvrsti i sprečava bolest kosti koja se zove rahitis. Dajte vašoj bebi kapi sa vitaminom D od prvih dana života. Pričajte sa vašim doktorom za kapi sa vitaminom D za vašu bebu.

    Više informacija i pomoći

    Iako je dojenje prirodno, mnogo žena, osobito mame po prvi put, imaju mnogo pitanja i potrebna im je pomoć. Iako porodica i društvo imaju dobre namere, ne znači da oni imaju tačne savete, tako da ohrabrite njih da provere našu webstranicu. Vaš muž možda ne zna kako da vam pomogne ako imate probleme, ali ovde mi ističemo načine na koje on vas može pomoći. I najvažnije, ne plašite se da tražite pomoć. Evo neka mesta gde možete da se obratite:

    • Mi držimo besplatne časove za dojenje i besplatno lično savetovanje u našim Klase za Majke Centrima. Pronađite vaš lokalni Centar ovde.
    • Vaša porodica i društvo. Iako oni nemaju sve tačne informacije, oni mogu da vam pruže podršku tako da:
      1. Kontaktiraju lokalni Klase za Majke Centar za savete.
      2. Vam kuvaju obroke, da vi imate obroke pri ruci, osobito ‘obroci koji se mogu jesti sa jednom rukom’.
      3. Vas potsete da pijete vodu.
      4. Vam pomognu sa kućnim poslovima, kako čišćenje, kupovina i uzimanje druge dece sa škole.
      5. Vam pruže mnogo ljubavi i podrške, da vas potsete da vi obavljate odličan posao, da je vaša beba prelepa, i da su sve teške stvari samo privremene, i da će vam biti potrebni nekoliko meseci da se naučite sa majčinstvom.
    • Vaš doktor ili doktori vaše bebe, ali imajte na umu da možda oni neće imati mnogo iskustva ili obuke u podršku za dojenje. Na primer, ako jedan od njihovih prvih predloga je da prestanete sa dojenjem, onda treba da tražite više saveta.
    • Postoje mnogo izvora i forumi na internetu, iako većina njih su na engleskom jeziku. Evo naših omiljenih:
      1. La Leche League International – http://www.llli.org/nb.html
      2. International Breastfeeding Centre – http://www.nbci.ca
      3. BabyCenter – http://www.babycenter.com/breastfeeding
      4. March of Dimes – http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/feeding-your-baby.aspx
      5. https://www.verywellfamily.com/breastfeeding-overview-4581827
    • Postoji odlična aplikacija u vezi dojenja, koju možete preuzeti na svoj telefon od Nanci Mohrbacher Solutions Inc., „Breastfeeding Solutions“.
  • What is inducing labor?

    What is inducing labor?

    What is inducing labor?

    Inducing labor (also called labor induction) is when your health care provider gives you medicine or uses other methods, like breaking your water (amniotic sac), to make your labor start. The amniotic sac (also called bag of waters) is the sac inside the uterus (womb) that holds your growing baby. The sac is filled with amniotic fluid. Contractions are when the muscles of your uterus get tight and then relax. Contractions help push your baby out of your uterus.

    Your provider may recommend inducing labor if your health or your baby’s health is at risk or if you’re 2 weeks or more past your due date. For some women, inducing labor is the best way to keep mom and baby healthy.

    If there are medical reasons to schedule induction, talk to your provider about waiting until at least 39 weeks of pregnancy. This gives your baby the time she needs to grow and develop before birth. Inducing labor should be for medical reasons only.

    How is labor induced?

    Your health care provider uses one or more of these treatments to induce labor:

    • Separating the amniotic sac from the wall of the uterus (also called stripping or sweeping the membranes). Your provider gently puts a gloved finger through your cervix and separates the amniotic sac from your uterus. The cervix is the opening to the uterus that sits at the top of the vagina. You can have this procedure done in your provider’s office. You may have some cramping or spotting.
    • Ripening the cervix. Your provider gives you medicine called prostaglandins to help soften and thin your cervix so it will open during labor. You may get the medicine by mouth or it may be put in your vagina. You get the medicine at a hospital. Your provider also may use a medicine called laminaria in your vagina. It absorbs moisture and expands to help open the cervix. Or your provider may use an instrument called a Foley bulb. This is a thin tube with a balloon at the end. Your provider inserts it in the vagina to widen the cervix.
    • Giving you medicines to start contractions. Providers often use a medicine called oxytocin to induce labor. This medicine is the man-made form of a hormone that helps start contractions. At the hospital, your provider gives you oxytocin through an IV (a needle into a vein). It may make you have really strong contractions. Ask your provider about pain medicine you may want to have during labor.
    • Breaking your water (also called rupturing the membranes or amniotomy). Your provider uses a small hook that looks like a knitting needle to break the amniotic sac that holds your baby. This shouldn’t be painful, but you may feel a warm gush of fluid.

    Inducing labor can take a few hours or a few days. It depends on how your body responds to your treatment.

    What are the risks of inducing labor?

    Risks include:

    • Your due date may not be exactly right. Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly when you got pregnant. If you schedule an induction and your due date is off, your baby may be born too early. If your pregnancy is healthy, wait for labor to begin on its own. If you need to schedule an induction for medical reasons, ask your provider if you can wait until at least 39 weeks.
    • Oxytocin and medicines that ripen the cervix can make labor contractions too close together. This can lower your baby’s heart rate. Your provider carefully monitors your baby’s heart rate when inducing labor. If your baby’s heart rate changes, your provider may stop or reduce the amount of medicine you’re getting.
    • You and your baby are at higher risk of infection. The amniotic sac normally protects your baby and your uterus from infection. If labor takes a while to start after your membranes rupture, infections are more likely.
    • There may be problems with the umbilical cord. If the amniotic sac is broken, the cord may slip into the vagina before your baby does. This is called umbilical cord prolapse. It’s more likely to happen if your baby is breech. This is when your baby’s bottom or feet are facing down before birth instead of being head-down. Umbilical cord prolapse can cause the umbilical cord to get squeezed during birth. If this happens, your baby doesn’t get enough oxygen, which can be life-threatening.
    • Induction may not work so you may need a c-section (also called cesarean birth). C-section is surgery in which your baby is born through a cut that your provider makes in your belly and uterus.
    • You may have a uterine rupture. This is when the uterus tears during labor. It happens rarely, but it can cause serious bleeding. If you’ve had a c-section in a prior pregnancy, you’re at higher risk of uterine rupture because a c-section leaves a scar in the uterus.
    • You may be at higher risk of serious bleeding after birth (called postpartum hemorrhage). Inducing labor increases the chances that your uterine muscles don’t contract the right way after you give birth, which can lead to bleeding.

    Source: www.marchofdimes.com

  • Štucanje

    Štucanje

    Štucanje

    Štucanje je često među bebama ispod jedne godine i je normalna, bezopasna neprijatnost, izazvana od grčeva u dijafragmi. Dojenje ne izaziva štucanje, i bezbedno je da dojite bebu koja štuca ako ih dojenje čini srećnim. Zapravo, dojenje može pomoći da se zaustavi štucanje na isti način kao kada odrasla osoba pije vodu da zaustavi svoje štucanje. Štucanje će postati ređe i blaže kako beba i njen digestivni sistem sazrevaju. Neki uzroci štucanja uključuju:

    • Prehranjivanje, pa pokušajte smanjiti hranjenje, dajući male / češće obroke i podrignite svoju bebu dok je prebacite sa jedne dojke u drugu.
    • Gutanje vazduha tokom hranjenja, tako da treba da vaša beba dobro uhvati vašu dojku i pokušajte da postavite bebu uspravno tokom dojenja. Takođe, držite je uspravno za 20 minuta nakon hranjenja.

    Ako vaša beba ima stalno i prekomerno štucanje, ona može imati refluks.

    Source: Marchofdimes

  • Kako mogu da olakšam moj porođaj?

    Kako mogu da olakšam moj porođaj?

    Mi ćemo vam pokazati pozicije i tehnike disanja i opuštanja koje će vam pomoći kroz porođaj.

    Vaše telo prirodno proizvodi hormone kako bi pomogao da porođaj bude lakši i možete povećati ove hormone na sledeći način:

    • Praktikujte vežbe opuštanja: vidite dole korak po korak vodič.
    • Nabavite masažu: tražite od vašeg muža ili babice da vas masira donji deo leđa, zato što za većinu žena ispada da ovo im pomaže mnogo tokom kontrakcije.
    • Tuširajte ili kupajte se: ovo možete da uradite ako ostanete kod kuće tokom rane faze porođaja.
    • Podrška – ako ste kod kuće tokom rane faze porođaja možete imati podršku partnera (supruga, majka, i svekrva, prijateljica) da bi vam pomogli.
    • Promena pozicije – leženje ravno na leđima nije od pomoći, hodajte i promenite pozicije često ako ste u stanju.

    Najvažnije, verujte samoj sebi! Vi možete. Vaše telo može. Vaše telo je namenjeno za ovo. Kroz vekove žene su se porodile. Ne plašite se, to je prirodno.

    Vežbe za opuštanje

    Postoji niz različitih vežbi opuštanja koje možete primeniti da bi olakšali vaš porođaj.

    1. Vizualizacija:

    Pokušajte stvarati utešnu sliku u svom umu, poput ovih:

    • Koristite svoju maštu u pozitivnom smislu da zamislite prijatan prizor ili mesto gde bi želeli da budete.
    • Vizualizujte grlič materice kao otvaranje cveće koje cveta, zamislite da vam se grlič materice otvara i beba kreće nadole prilikom svake kontrakcije.
    • Kreirajte centralnu tačku kao slika, lice, ili imaginarna ruta primer stepenice ili šetalište).

    2. Vokalizacija:

    • Pokušajte da ponovite utešnu frazu naglas (ili u sebi) poput ovih:
    • Ja mogu, ja mogu, ja mogu
    • Jedan udah za mene, jedan udah za tebe
    • Ja volim tebe, ti voliš mene

    Takođe možete pokušati brojanje naglas ili u sebi.

    3. Tehnike disanja:

    Američka Asociacija za Trudnoću, pogledajte http://americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/patterned-breathing/

    Lagano disanje

    Počnite sa laganom disanjem kad počnu da se intenziviraju kontrakcije do te mere da više ne možete hodati i pričati bez zaustavljanja.

    • Počnite sa organizovanim disanjem – uzdahnite kad počnu kontrakcije. Oslobodite svu napetost (opustite celo telo – od glave do pete); skoncentrišete se;
    • Udahnite duboko preko nosa i izdahnite preko usta, oslobodite sav kiseonik šaputajući. Napravite pauzu dok se ne javi „potreba“ da dišete.
    • Svaki put kad izdišete, obratite pažnju da opustite celo telo.

    Lagano Ubrzano Disanje

    Većina žena ima potrebu da prođe kroz lagano disanje tokom aktivne faze porođaja. Dopustite da vas vodi intenzitet vaših kontrakcija u tome kad da počnete sa laganim disanjem. Udahnite i izdahnite brzo kroz usta, otprilike jedan dah u sekundi. Vaš udah ne bi trebalo da bude glasan, a izdah da se jasno čuje.

    • Počnite sa organizovanim disanjem – jedan dubok uzdah kad počnu kontrakcije. Oslobodite svu napetost (opustite celo telo – od glave do pete) kad izdišete.
    • Skoncentrišete se.
    • Udahnite polako kroz nos i izdišite kroz usta. Ubrzavajte i lakše dišite kada kontrakcije počnu da se intenziviraju. Ako kontrakcije počnu ranije onda bi trebalo da počnete ranije sa vežbama. Držite usta i ramena opuštene.
    • Kada se pojača intezitet vaših kontrakcija, onda pojačajte intenzitet vašeg disanja, udahnite i izdišete polako kroz usta. Primenjujte lagano i površno disanje, otprilike jedan dah u sekund.
    • Dok se smanjuje intenzitet vaših kontrakcija, postepeno usporite brzinu disanja, udahnite kroz nos i izdišite kroz usta.
    • Kada se završe kontrakcije, uzmite vaš završni dah – izdahnite sa uzdahom.

    Promenljivo (tranzicijono) disanje

    Ovo je varijacija laganog disanja. To se ponekad naziva „dahtati-dahtati-duvati“ ili „hi-hi-hu“ disanje. Promenljivo disanje kombinuje lako površno disanje sa periodično dužim ili više izraženim izdisajom. Promenljivo disanje se koristi u prvoj fazi ako se osećate preplavljene, nesposobne da se opustite, očajne, ili iscrpljene.

    • Počnite sa organizovanim disanjem – jedan veliki uzdah kad počnu kontrakcije. Oslobodite svu napetost (opustite celo telo – od glave do pete) kad izdišete.
    • Obratite pažnju na vašeg partnera ili neku fokalnu tačku, kao što je na primer slika.
    • Dišite kroz usta u površne dahove brzinom od 5-20 udisaja u 10 sekunde, tokom kontrakcije.
    • Posle svakog drugog, trećeg, četvrtog, ili petog daha, duvaj duži dah. Možete pokušati da verbalizujete ovaj duži izdah sa „Huuu“ ili „PUH“.
    • Kada se kontrakcija završi uzmi jedan ili dva duboko opuštajućih dahova sa uzdahom.

    Disanje da bi se izbeglo guranje u pogrešno vreme

    Biće vremena tokom obe faze porođaja kada ćete hteti da gurnete ili ispustite dole, ali to ne bi bio pravi trenutak. Većina žena žele da zadržavaju dah u ovim izuzetno teškim trenucima.

    Izbegavajte držanje daha pomoću neprestanog disanja i uzdisanja ili podizanjem brade i duvanja ili dahtanja. Ovo će da vas čuva od dodatnog guranja koje vaše telo već radi.

    Izdisanje

    Koristi se kada se grlić materice potpuno otvori, i počinje druga faza porođaja.

    • Počnite sa organizovanim disanjem – jedan veliki uzdah kad počnu kontrakcije. Oslobodite svu napetost (opustite celo telo – od glave do pete) kad izdišete.
    • Fokusirajte se na bebu kako se kreće dole i napolje, ili na drugu pozitivnu sliku.
    • Dišite polako, puštajući kontrakcije da vas vode. Ubrzajte ili olakšajte disanje ako je potrebno ili udobnost. Kada ne možete da odolite nagonu da gurate (kada „zahteva“ da se pridružite), uzmite veliki dah, gurajte bradu u grudi, uvijajte svoje telo i nagnite napred. Onda gurajte dole, držeći dah ili polako oslobađajući vazduh roktanjem ili jecajem. Najvažnije od svega, opustite dno karlice. Pomozite bebi da siđe dole preko oslobađanja bilo kakve napetosti u perineumu.
    • Nakon 5-6 sekundi, oslobodite dah, i udahnite i izdahnite. Kada vas nagon da gurate preuzme se pridružite se sa spuštanjem dole. Koliko jako ćete da gurate zavisi od vašeg oseta. Vi ćete nastaviti na ovaj način dok kontrakcija ne prođe. Potreba da se gura dolazi i odlazi u talasima tokom kontrakcije. Koristite ove pauze za duboko disanje obezbeđujući kiseonik u vašu krv i bebu.
    • Kada vas završi kontrakcija, opustite svoje telo i uzmite jedan ili dva umirujućih daha.
  • Prepune dojke

    Prepune dojke

    Prepune dojke

    Do prepunih dojki dolazi kad vaše dojke su dramatično nadute i izgledaju da će pucati od mleka, osobeno kad proizvodite više mleka tokom prvih dve nedelje posle porođaja. Dojenje iz prepune dojke može biti bolno kad se beba prvi put uhvati za dojku. Obično prolazi za 12-48 sata, dok se vaše telo nauči da proizvodi onoliko koliko vaša beba traži. Prepune dojke možete sprečiti ili dovesti na minimum ako:

    • Dojite rano i često. Dojite neposredno posle porođaja, a onda najmalo po deset puta dnevno.
    • Osigurajte da ste postavili ispravno kako treba vašu bebu dok je dojite (kliknite ovde za instrukcije).
    • Dojite „na znak“. Ako vaša beba spava više od dva ili tri sata dnevno ili tri ili četri sata tokom noći, probudite je da biste je dojili.
    • Ostavite da beba isprazni prvu dojku pred da je postavite da se doji na drugu. To znači da pustite bebu da se doji sve dok zaspi ili kad sama ostavi dojku.
    • Ako ne dojite bebu, ili ne dojite dovoljno, onda ispraznite dojke, ručno ili sa pumpom, toliko često koliko biste upravo dojili bebu.“

    Ako primenite gorenavedeno ali ipak nemate pobolšanja, onda možete da probate:

    • Tople obloge: „primenite toplu i vlažnu oblogu i ispraznite malo mleka neposredno pre hranjenja. Koristeći toplotu za predugo će povećati otok i upalu, tako da je najbolje da bude nakratko. Hladne obloge mogu se koristiti između kako bi se smanjio otok i olakšati bolove.“ Izvor: La Leche League International, http://www.llli.org/faq/engorgement.html
    • Masažu dojke: „sa dlanom vaše ruke i počevši od vrha grudi (neposredno ispod remenoj kosti), nežno tapkajte grudi naniže u kružnim pokretima, prema bradavice. Ovo može biti efikasnije kada se obavlja dok ste pod tušem ili dok ste naslonjene preko sliva mlake vode i prskajte vodom svoje grudi.“ Izvor: La Leche League International, http://www.llli.org/faq/engorgement.html
    • Masažu areole: sa prstima pozicioniranim kao što je prikazano u nastavku, pritisnite prema iznutra prema zidu grudnog koša i polako brojite do 50. Pritisak treba da bude stabilan i čvrst, i dovoljno blag da se izbegne bol.
    Izvor: K. Jean Cotterman, http://www.nbci.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83:engorgement&catid=5:information&Itemid=17
    • Obloge sa kupusom: „isprati unutrašnje listove glave kupusa, izvadite tvrdu venu, i slomite je sa oklagijom (ili slično). Oni se mogu koristiti u frižideru ili na sobnoj temperaturi. Postavljajte listove direktno preko grudi, unutar grudnjaka. Promeniti kada lišće postaju uvenute, ili na svakih dva sata. Prekinite sa korišćenjem ako se pojavi osip ili se pojavljuju drugi znaci alergije. Neki izveštaji sugerišu da preterana upotreba obloge kupusa može da smanji proizvodnju mleka, stoga prekinite sa oblogama kada otok pada.“ Izvor: La Leche League International, http://www.llli.org/faq/engorgement.html

    Obratite se doktoru ako simptomi ne se poboljšaju iako ste isprobali sve gore navedeno, ako imate simptome mastitisa (temperaturu prek 38.1°C), ako vaša beba ne može da se uhvati za dojku ili ako nema dovoljno izkakanih pelena.

  • Prezasićenost

    Prezasićenost

    Prezasićenost

    Ponekad majka proizvodi previše mleka nego što je bebi potrebno, i onda može slediti snažno izbacivanje mleka sa njenih prepunih dojki. Ovo može da uznemiri bebu. Tipični simptomi prezasićenosti uključuju:

    • Beba plače mnogo, i često je iritirana i / ili uznemirena
    • Beba može ponekad progutati, gušiti se, pucketati, ili kašljati tokom hranjenja na dojci
    • Beba može izgledati kao da zagrize ili steza dole bradavicu dok se hrani
    • Mleko prska kada beba pusti van, posebno na početku hranjenja
    • Majka može imati bolne bradavice
    • Beba može da se nagne i drži se vrlo ukočeno, ponekad vrišti
    • Hranjenje često izgleda kao bitka, sa bebom koja se doji grčevito i onda prestaje
    • Hranjenje može biti kratko, u trajanju od samo 5 ili 10 minuta ukupno
    • Beba može izgledati da ima odnos „ljubavi i mržnje“ sa dojkama
    • Beba može da podrigne ili ispušta gasove često između hranjenja, sa tendencijom da pljuje mnogo
    • Beba može imati zelene, vodene ili penaste, eksplozivne stolice
    • Majčine dojke se osećaju veoma napunjene veći deo vremena
    • Majka može imati česte blokirane kanale, što ponekad može dovesti do mastitisa
    Izvor: La Leche League International, http://www.llli.org/faq/oversupply.html

    Da biste rešili ovaj problem, probajte:

    • Dojiti bebu samo iz jedne dojke tokom svakog hranjenja. Ako je potrebno, ispraznite mleko sa druge dojke da biste se oslobodili od pritiska zbog viška mleka i smrziti ga za kasnije. Ako tokom sledeća dva sata beba hoće opet da se doji, onda dajte joj opet istu dojku.
    • Ispraznite malo mleka pre dojenja tako da biste smanjili intenzitet izbacivanja mleka, ali ne ispraznite mnogo jer to će pratiti signal vašim dojkama da proizvedu više mleka.
    • Postavite svoju bebu u uspravan položaj tokom dojenja i / ili naslonjenom, jer tako gravitacija pomaže usporiti brzinu izbacivanja mleka. Pozicija ležanje sa strane je takođe dobra.
    • Hranite bebu pre nego što postane veoma gladna, tako da ne sisa previše, kako ne bi stimulisala vaše dojke previše.
    • Ako ste ispraznili mleko sa pumpanjem, da biste ga čuvali za kasnije, onda prestanite, dok se ne usaglašava proizvodnja mleka sa bebinim potrebama za mleko.

    Ako imate previše mleka onda možete upotrebiti obloge za dojke da upiju mleko koje teče, ali zapamtite da menjate obloge bar jednom dnevno. Takođe, vaša beba može progutati više vazduha, zato podrigujte bebu, da biste smanjili tegobe.